This course paper critically assesses various methods used in foreign language teaching (FLT), focusing on their pedagogical foundations, psychological bases, and practical application. It covers traditional and modern methods like the audio-lingual method and grammar-translation method, emphasizing the role of technology and teacher autonomy in constructing effective teaching systems. The work highlights the importance of updating teaching methods to meet evolving educational demands, promoting student autonomy, and integrating innovative classroom research for improved language acquisition.